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Timing & Syncing Tutorials

Fundamentals of Synchronization and Timing
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Authors: Kishan Shenoi, Principal Consultant, Shenoi Consulting

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Atomic Clocks as Primary Frequency Sources
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Authors: Marc Weiss, Chair, WSTS 2025

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Oscillators
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Authors: Ullas Kumar, Telecom Systems Engineer, Rakon

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Synchronized Clocks
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Authors: Greg Armstrong, Principal System Architect, Renesas Electronics

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Clock Metrics
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Authors: Kishan Shenoi, Principal Consultant, Shenoi Consulting

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GNSS as Primary Time Source
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Authors: Marc Weiss, Chair, WSTS 2025

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Standardization in ITU-T Study Group 15 and Q13/15
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Authors: Silvana Rodrigues, Senior Engineer, Huawei Technologies Stefano Ruffini, Strategic Technology Manager, Calnex Solutions

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Distribution of Timing: Basic Principles and Sync over the Physical Layer
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Authors: Stefano Ruffini, Strategic Technology Manager, Calnex Solutions Silvana Rodrigues, Senior Engineer, Huawei Technologies

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Distribution of Timing: Sync Over the Packet Layer of Networks
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Authors: Stefano Ruffini, Strategic Technology Manager, Calnex Solutions Silvana Rodrigues, Senior Engineer, Huawei Technologies

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Testing Packet Time and Frequency
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Authors: Lee Cosart, Senior Technologist, Microchip

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Synchronization in Mobile and Telecom Networks
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Authors: Kishan Shenoi, Principal Consultant, Shenoi Consulting

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O-RAN Fundamentals
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Authors: Greg Armstrong, Principal System Architect, Renesas Electronics

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Timing in Broadcast, Finance and Datacenters
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Authors: Doug Arnold, Principal Technologist, Meinberg USA

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Time Synchronization in Power Applications
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Authors: Werner Abt, Senior Software Engineer, Meinberg USA

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Fundamentals of Time and Frequency in Aerospace and Defense
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Authors: David Chandler, Senior Product Manager, Microchip

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Leap-second Adjustments to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
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Authors: Judah Levine, Time and Frequency Division, NIST JILA, University of Colorado

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Timing in PNT
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Authors: Pascale Defraigne, Royal Observatory of Belgium

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