GPS/GNSS White Papers

GPS/GNSS White Papers

Curated Collection of Microchip GPS/GNSS White Papers & Reports


GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technology includes GPS (Global Positioning System, United States owned and operated) along with Global Satellite Navigation Systems operated by China (Beidu) and Russia (Glonass). Beyond providing location and positioning information, GNSS is used to deliver accurate timing that is distributed in communications networks for a variety of applications. An interruption or degradation of these timing signals can impact mission critical applications and services.

 

Background White Paper GNSS/GPS Information 

In the intricate realm of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and their ubiquitous counterpart, the Global Positioning System (GPS), the importance of white papers stands as a beacon guiding engineers through the complexities. These white papers are not mere documents; they are gateways to understanding the engineering intricacies that underpin modern navigation technologies. This post delves into the world of GNSS/GPS white papers, unraveling the engineering marvels that shape our global positioning landscape.

The Foundation of GNSS/GPS White Papers

At their core, GNSS/GPS white papers serve as authoritative documents, encapsulating a wealth of knowledge, research findings, and engineering insights. These papers emanate from the collaborative efforts of engineers, researchers, and experts who navigate the intricate landscape of satellite-based navigation systems. The foundation of these papers lies in the need to disseminate cutting-edge engineering knowledge, making them indispensable resources for professionals in the field.

Understanding GNSS/GPS Fundamentals

A well-crafted GNSS/GPS white paper is an invaluable resource for engineers seeking a profound understanding of the fundamentals. It dives deep into the intricacies of satellite orbits, signal processing, and the synchronization mechanisms that orchestrate the harmonious dance of satellites in the Earth’s exosphere. Engineers exploring these papers embark on a journey through the technological intricacies that empower our smartphones, navigation devices, and countless other applications.

Signal Processing: The Heartbeat of GNSS

One of the engineering-centric aspects explored in GNSS/GPS white papers is signal processing — the heartbeat of satellite navigation. Engineers dissect the algorithms and methodologies employed to extract accurate position, velocity, and timing information from the signals transmitted by satellites. Understanding signal processing intricacies is crucial for enhancing the accuracy and reliability of GNSS systems, especially in challenging environments where signal integrity faces potential disruptions.

Overcoming Challenges: Multipath, Interference, and Accuracy

White papers in the GNSS/GPS domain unravel the challenges faced by engineers in achieving pinpoint accuracy. Multipath interference, a phenomenon where signals reflect off surfaces before reaching the receiver, poses a significant hurdle. These papers explore innovative techniques and advanced algorithms engineered to mitigate multipath effects and enhance overall system accuracy. Additionally, they delve into strategies to counteract interference from various sources, ensuring robust and uninterrupted navigation.

Innovation and Evolving Technologies

The engineering landscape is dynamic, and GNSS/GPS white papers serve as compasses guiding engineers through the ever-evolving terrain of innovation. They shed light on emerging technologies such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning, Precise Point Positioning (PPP), and integration with other sensor technologies. Engineers immerse themselves in these papers to stay abreast of advancements that shape the future of satellite-based navigation.

Security in the Satellite Constellation

The security of GNSS/GPS systems is a paramount concern, and white papers play a pivotal role in addressing this aspect. Engineers explore cryptographic techniques, anti-jamming measures, and resilient architectures designed to safeguard satellite constellations from malicious attacks. The engineering insights provided in these papers contribute to the ongoing efforts to fortify GNSS/GPS systems against potential threats.

Real-World Applications and Case Studies

GNSS/GPS white papers bridge the gap between theory and real-world applications. Engineers are exposed to case studies detailing the implementation of satellite navigation in diverse fields — from autonomous vehicles and precision agriculture to disaster response and infrastructure development. These case studies offer invaluable engineering lessons drawn from practical experiences, enriching the knowledge base of professionals.

In conclusion, GNSS/GPS white papers are compasses guiding engineers through the intricate engineering landscapes of satellite navigation. They unravel the complexities of signal processing, address challenges, explore innovations, enhance security, and bridge the gap between theory and application. Engineers who delve into these white papers embark on a journey of continuous learning, contributing to the evolution of GNSS/GPS technologies that shape our connected world. As we navigate the future, the insights gleaned from these engineering-centric documents will continue to steer the course of innovation and excellence in satellite-based navigation systems.

How to Meet the Timing Requirements for Executive Order 13905

How to Meet the Timing Requirements for Executive Order 13905

Decoding the Significance of Executive Order 13905’s Timing Requirements

In our interconnected and technology-driven world, the proper functioning of systems reliant on Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services is pivotal for various sectors. Acknowledging the significance of these services, Executive Order 13905 was instituted with the objective of enhancing national resilience through the responsible use of Timing Requirements. This article delves into the key components of the executive order and the implications it holds for various stakeholders.

 

GPS Timing Requirements and Solutions

Syncworks can supply you with a turnkey PRTC solution to meet the timing requirements from Executive Order 13905. Resiliency, redundancy, and support after the sale is what will keep your timing in alignment with the demands of EO 13905.

Let’s breakdown each key objective and show how Syncworks can help you understand the implications of the intended goals.

Key Objectives and Measures of Timing Requirements Executive Order 13905:

The executive order outlines several objectives to achieve its intended goals, all centered around Timing Requirements:  

Risk Assessment and Mitigation
Government agencies and private sector entities are directed to conduct comprehensive risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities in their PNT-dependent systems. Mitigation strategies are then to be developed and implemented to enhance resilience against potential disruptions while meeting Timing Requirements.

Syncworks recommends: An audit performed by one of our Support Engineers. Here’s a link to our Sync Audits.

Public-Private Collaboration
Recognizing that PNT services are utilized across both public and private sectors, the order emphasizes the need for collaboration between government agencies and industry stakeholders. This partnership aims to facilitate information sharing, best practices, and coordinated responses in adherence to Timing Requirement.

Syncworks recommends: Let us consult on all critical infrastructure network, including public and private sectors. Here’s more information about vPRTC for Power Stations.

Additionally, Syncworks can design your network to reach the requirements of Executive Order 13905. As your timing partner, we specialize in designing and implementing efficient, secure, and scalable network solutions tailored to your specific needs. With a team of experienced professionals, we strive to deliver cutting-edge network designs that seamlessly integrate with your existing systems and help your network thrive.

Backup and Redundancy
The order encourages the implementation of backup and redundancy measures to ensure the availability of PNT services even in the face of disruptions while adhering to Timing Requirements. This could involve exploring alternative sources of PNT data or technologies that can provide reliable positioning and timing information.

Syncworks recommends: Primary Reference Time Clocks (PRTC) can deliver the back up and redundancy required by OE 13905.  Low earth orbit GPS signals, rubidium or crystal clocks in a box can also provide the back up needed.  Learn more about LEO here. We can do the audit and the design of your network to meet EO 13905. After the network is validated, you can depend on SyncCare to manage the all aspects of your timing to maintain it with accuracy.

Education and Awareness
To enhance understanding and awareness of PNT vulnerabilities, the order calls for educational initiatives aimed at promoting responsible use and cybersecurity practices among users of PNT services while adhering to Timing Requirements.

Syncworks educates at every turn to help stakeholders understand the equipment and the people required for ongoing timing excellence. 

Research and Development
The executive order highlights the importance of advancing research and development efforts to strengthen the security and resilience of PNT systems. This includes exploring innovative technologies that can enhance the accuracy, reliability, and security of PNT services while meeting timing requirements for Executive Order 13905.

Syncworks recommends: support for one the leading GPS authorities in the nation, GPS World.  Their research keeps the industry informed. In fact, it was GPS World that pushed back hard on the Department of Homeland Security in this article, calling the DHS report too late, too full of errors.

We think this kind of diligence will allow the US to meet the demands of any EO that deals with sync and timing from a GPS source.

GPS satellite orbits the earth

About Syncworks

Syncworks is a the national leader in GPS security. Critical infrastructure in the US is a top priority at the highest level of government. Our mission is to enable, educate, and support efforts to become complaint with celestial and terrestrial GPS systems working together.
  
Our flagship product, the TimeProvider® 4100, is a gateway clock that accepts multiple inputs from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Synchronous Ethernet (SynE), and IEEE 1588 PTP Grandmaster Clock and E1/T1 digital transmission links.  

As of January 1, 2024, we have expanded our Field Services to include Antenna Installation and Entrance Facility Cabling, Legacy Equipment Decom and Traffic Migration, Disposal (hazmat) Services, Radio Commissioning (MW, P-LTE, CBRS), Enterprise Wi-Fi.

For more information, contact sales@syncworks.com or call (904) 280-1234

BITS Clocks For PTP and NTP Explained

BITS Clocks For PTP NTP

What Are PTP and NTP BITS Clocks?

BITS (Building Integrated Timing Supply) clocks for PTP and NTP Network Timing are commonly used to provide accurate and reliable timing signals for network synchronization. They are particularly important in networks that require precise timing, such as those used for telecommunications and financial trading. 

There are two main types of network timing protocols that use BITS clocks: Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precision Time Protocol (PTP). NTP provides millisecond accuracy. PTP provides sub-microsecond accuracy. 

NTP is a widely used protocol that allows computers on a network to synchronize their clocks with a central time server. BITS clocks can be used as a time source for NTP servers, providing a highly accurate and stable time reference for the network. 

PTP, on the other hand, is a newer protocol that is designed to provide even more precise timing for networks that require sub-microsecond accuracy. BITS clocks can also be used as a time source for PTP networks, either as a server clock or as a boundary clock that distributes time signals to other devices on the network. 

In summary, PTP and NTP BITS clocks are an essential component of network timing systems, providing accurate and reliable timing signals for NTP and PTP protocols. They play a critical role in ensuring the synchronization and performance of high-speed networks that rely on precise timing. 

Legacy BITS Clocks – Rob Jodrie Explains 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Generation BITS Clock Technology

Rob Jodrie is Syncworks Technical Director. With a lifetime of service in telecoms across the USA, Rob’s been in more NOC’s than most people. His presentation from our What’s New, What’s Next webinar is found below. In it, Rob illustrates how BITS clocks came into the networks and how the technology advanced to where we are today: 3rd Generation BITS.

About Syncworks

Syncworks is a the national leader in GPS security. Critical infrastructure in the US is a top priority at the highest level of government. Our mission is to enable, educate, and support efforts to become complaint with celestial and terrestrial GPS systems working together.
  
Our flagship product, the TimeProvider® 4100, is a gateway clock that accepts multiple inputs from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Synchronous Ethernet (SynE), and IEEE 1588 PTP Grandmaster Clock and E1/T1 digital transmission links.  

As of January 1, 2024, we have expanded our Field Services to include Antenna Installation and Entrance Facility Cabling, Legacy Equipment Decom and Traffic Migration, Disposal (hazmat) Services, Radio Commissioning (MW, P-LTE, CBRS), Enterprise Wi-Fi.

For more information, contact sales@syncworks.com or call (904) 280-1234

What Is Trusted Time for Zero Trust Networks?

What Is Trusted Time for Zero Trust Networks?

Why Does A Zero Trust Network Matter To You?

If you’re an IT professional in a company rolling out a Zero Trust network architecture, you probably have a pretty good idea of what zero trust means in your world. From a wider perspective, here are the two primary concepts to consider:

  • Zero trust: a cyber security paradigm that trust is never granted implicitly
  • Zero trust architecture: an end-to-end approach to enterprise resource and data security
  • The motto of zero trust is “never trust, always verify”. That pretty much sums it up.

Chances are that if your organization is rolling out zero trust, it started with Identity and Access Management (IAM) for users. From there, it moved on to devices connected to the network, then to the network itself by implementing strategies such as micro-segmentation, and then on to automation and analytics. These are called the “pillars” of the zero trust model.

The zero trust architecture is a migration from a perimeter-based security model to one where every person and device on the network is authenticated and authorized end to end. If your company is already on this path, this is not news. What may be news though, is the critical role that Trusted Time™ plays in the zero trust network. Let’s first start with why time matters.

Why Zero Trust in Time Matters

Network-wide time synchronization accuracy and the essential role it plays in network management and security are often taken for granted in managing a network. If you’re not convinced, imagine what would happen if every network device had a different time. Chaos would break out across the network. Log files and network telemetry would be useless. Logs and telemetry time stamps would not correlate. For example, syslogs that would be received in real time but backdated to the previous week would not be helpful. Dashboards would fault, or at least present incorrect data, and would most likely trigger alarms. Critical processes would either start too soon or too late. Network forensics would be nearly impossible, audits would be meaningless, and video time stamps would be incorrect. Enough said. As you can see, time accuracy across your company’s network is important and it does matter.

Because time is so important, you need to consider the “what, who, where, and when” of the source of time for network time synchronization. Time servers providing the Network Time Protocol (NTP) time stamps are the “what.” If the “who” and “where” are merely an IP address of a time server from the Internet or Internet NTP server pool, then you need to consider the validity and vulnerability of the “when” of the NTP time stamps that are received. This, though, is the topic of a different blog post, since free time from the Internet violates just about every principle of zero trust and cannot be considered trusted time.

What Is Trusted Time™?

Assuming you have an NTP network time server in your network, zero trust raises two key questions. Is the time implicitly or explicitly trusted? And is the time server itself, as a device connected to your network, compatible with zero trust networking technologies?

Trusted Time means the time server is trusted with respect to the accuracy and legitimacy of the time. It also means that it is trusted as a device connected to the network and it is compliant with the company’s security requirements.

A network security team is more interested in a time server’s security features than they are in verifying and validating the time stamp’s accuracy or bandwidth. Since our SyncServer® S600/S650 network time servers offer unsurpassed timing performance, let’s discuss their security attributes.

As the most secure Trusted Time network devices currently available, SyncServer time servers comply with the fundamental pillars of the zero trust model, which include users, devices, network, applications and analytics.

zero trust graphic showing the pillars of security needed

About Syncworks

Syncworks is a the national leader in GPS security. Critical infrastructure in the US is a top priority at the highest level of government. Our mission is to enable, educate, and support efforts to become complaint with celestial and terrestrial GPS systems working together.
  
Our flagship product, the TimeProvider® 4100, is a gateway clock that accepts multiple inputs from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Synchronous Ethernet (SynE), and IEEE 1588 PTP Grandmaster Clock and E1/T1 digital transmission links.  

As of January 1, 2024, we have expanded our Field Services to include Antenna Installation and Entrance Facility Cabling, Legacy Equipment Decom and Traffic Migration, Disposal (hazmat) Services, Radio Commissioning (MW, P-LTE, CBRS), Enterprise Wi-Fi.

For more information, contact sales@syncworks.com or call (904) 280-1234

SyncServer S600 S650

Microchip Syncserver 600 NTP server

Microchip (formerly Microsemi) SyncServer S600 Combines NTP and PTP

The Microchip (formerly Microsemi) SyncServer S600 is a network time server that is designed to deliver exact hardware-based Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precise Time Protocol (PTP) timestamps. It is a GPS Stratum 1 network time server that provides secure, accurate, and reliable time services to the enterprise. The S600 is a high-performance, enhanced security network time server that features an ultra-high bandwidth NTP time server and Stratum 1 operation.

Purpose of S600

The S600 network time server is purpose built to deliver exact hardware-based Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precise Time Protocol (PTP) timestamps. The unparalleled accuracy and security is rounded out with outstanding ease-of-use features for reliable network time services ready to meet the needs of the user network and business operations today, and in the future.

SyncServer S600 Key Features

Ultra-high-bandwidth NTP time server
Stratum 1 operation
Four standard GbE ports, all with patented NTP hardware timestamping
Two additional 10 GbE ports (optional)
Built-in DoS detection and protection
Security-hardened NTP Reflector with firewall protection
Web-based management with high-security cipher suite
NTP monitoring, charting and MRU logging
< 15 nanoseconds RMS time accuracy to UTC
TACACS+, RADIUS, LDAP, x.509, Secure Syslog and more
Rubidium atomic clock or OCXO oscillator upgrades
Dual power supply option
Galileo/GLONASS/BeiDou/SBAS/QZSS option
IEEE® 1588 PTP multi-port/profile output option
IEEE 1588 PTP input option
DISA/DoDIN approved product

Looking to Integrate the S600?

Syncworks is different than any other reseller because our Field Services, Support Engineers, and SyncCare will keep you network running at Stratum 1 traceable levels. Call 904 280-1234 to speak to a knowledgeable engineer.

Related to the SyncServer 600

SyncServer S650
Modular NTP Time Server with IRIG-B, 10 MHz, 1PPS and many more timing outputs, including IEEE 1588 PTP server and slave operations. Ideal as a multipurpose timing synchronization standard for network-based and direct connect timing systems.

S600 Additional Resources

S6xx Antenna Configurator

SyncServer S600 S650 Comparison

S600 S650 Options and Upgrades

Down/Up Converter

About Syncworks

Syncworks is a the national leader in GPS security. Critical infrastructure in the US is a top priority at the highest level of government. Our mission is to enable, educate, and support efforts to become complaint with celestial and terrestrial GPS systems working together.
  
Our flagship product, the TimeProvider® 4100, is a gateway clock that accepts multiple inputs from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Synchronous Ethernet (SynE), and IEEE 1588 PTP Grandmaster Clock and E1/T1 digital transmission links.  

As of January 1, 2024, we have expanded our Field Services to include Antenna Installation and Entrance Facility Cabling, Legacy Equipment Decom and Traffic Migration, Disposal (hazmat) Services, Radio Commissioning (MW, P-LTE, CBRS), Enterprise Wi-Fi.

For more information, contact sales@syncworks.com or call (904) 280-1234